Efetividade de um plano de metas fisioterapêuticas em pacientes internados em uma unidade de terapia intensiva: uma análise retrospectiva vs. prospectiva / Effectiveness of a plan of physiotherapy goals in patients hospitalized in an intensive care unit: a retrospective analysis vs. prospective

Introdução: A fisioterapia na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) apresenta como objetivo utilizar estratégias de mobilização precoce a fim de reduzir o impacto da fraqueza muscular adquirida na UTI. Logo, este estudo apresenta como objetivo avaliar a efetividade de um plano de metas fisioterapêuticas para pacientes internados em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva.Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo e prospectivo comparativo realizado em uma UTI de um hospital público de Porto Alegre. Foram incluídos pacientes internados entre os meses de janeiro e junho de 2019, maiores de 18 anos e que tiveram alta da UTI. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de informações e relatório que constam no prontuário eletrônico utilizado na Instituição. Foi analisado o desfecho das metas estabelecidas na admissão para sentar fora do leito e deambular.Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes foi do sexo masculino (57,5%). A média de idade foi de 60,52 ± 17,64 anos. A maioria das metas estabelecidas, tanto para sentar fora do leito como para deambular, foram atingidas (89% e 86,9%, respectivamente). Houve correlação significativa entre o alcance de meta para deambulação e ganho de força muscular pelo escore MRC (p = 0,041) e ganho de força muscular quando comparada admissão e alta da UTI (p = 0,004).Conclusão: Este estudo observou que estabelecer metas para sentar fora do leito e deambular para pacientes internados em UTI é efetivo.

Introduction: Physiotherapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) aims to use early mobilization strategies in order to reduce the impact of muscle acquired weakness in the ICU. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a physiotherapeutic goal plan for patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit. Methods: Retrospective and comparative prospective cohort study carried out in an ICU of a public hospital in Porto Alegre. Patients hospitalized between January and June 2019, over 18 years old and discharged from the ICU were included. Data collection was carried out through information and report contained in the electronic medical record used in the Institution. The outcome of goals established at admission for sitting out of bed and walking was analyzed. Results: Most patients were male (57.5%). The mean age was 63.2 ± 16.2 years. Most established goals, both for sitting out of bed and walking, were achieved (89% and 86.9%, respectively). There was a significant correlation between reaching the ambulation goal and muscle strength gain by the MRC score (p= 0.041) and muscle strength gain when comparing admission and discharge from the ICU (p = 0.004). Conclusion: This study observed that establishing goals for sitting out of bed and walking for ICU patients is effective.

A Pediatric Hospital Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy Department's Response to COVID-19: An Administrative Case Report.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report is to describe the challenges that COVID-19 presented for therapists in a pediatric hospital and the response to these challenges. METHODS: The case report setting is a physical therapy and occupational therapy department (department) of an academic pediatric medical center that provides a range of health care services for children and youth. Challenges that COVID-19 presented to the department included (1) managing safety concerns for patients, their families, and staff; (2) continuing to provide high-quality therapy services within state-mandated restrictions; (3) triaging patients; and (4) keeping clinicians employed and working productively. RESULTS: The department therapists responded to these challenges by (1) increasing communication huddles; (2) developing procedures for staffing and triaging of patients; (3) developing procedures for telehealth therapy services; and (4) designing a remote work program for all department employees. The number of patients and staff on site were reduced by initiating telehealth services, triaging patients, and developing a remote work plan. Communication huddles, department meetings, and supervision meetings were converted to virtual meetings. Staffing rates, patient-care productivity, and department project work were maintained. CONCLUSION: In response to COVID-19, the department developed new protocols and provided information about the protocols, which might be helpful for other pediatric hospitals or outpatient settings when planning for future pandemics or other issues that challenge the ability to provide usual care. Increasing the frequency of verbal and written communication on operational topics is recommended. Primary sources of information from national organizations (eg, the American Physical Therapy Association and the American Occupational Therapy Association) can assist with determining the scope of practice and code of conduct during a pandemic. IMPACT: COVID-19 posed challenges to operations and delivery of patient care. Although this case report is specific to COVID-19, principles applied and lessons learned from this experience can be applied to other emergency situations.

La fisioterapia en la crisis sanitaria COVID-19: ¿y si no soy enfermo COVID-19? / Physiotherapy in the COVID-19 health crisis: What if I am not sick with COVID-19?

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Representaciones sociales de la práctica formativa en estudiantes de fisioterapia en Colombia / Social representations of formative practice in physical therapy students, Santiago de Cali, Colombia

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las prácticas formativas son estrategias pedagógicas con las que los estudiantes se acercan a la práctica profesional y desarrollan destrezas y habilidades en fisioterapia. OBJETIVO: Analizar las representaciones sociales del concepto de práctica formativa en estudiantes de fisioterapia en la ciudad de Cali (Colombia). MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio cualitativo con diseño descriptivo, transversal y exploratorio. Los datos se recolectaron con la técnica de listado de palabras de asociación libre aplicada a 135 participantes. El análisis se realizó a través del modelo de los dominios culturales. RESULTADOS: El concepto de práctica formativa en fisioterapia se estructuró a través de los lexemas centrales definición, sentimientos positivos, sentimientos negativos. Los elementos más relevantes de la lista fueron felicidad y ansiedad. CONCLUSIONES: Las representaciones sociales más notables en los estudiantes están asociadas con aspectos relacionados con el ser y las de menos interés corresponden a los relacionados con la adquisición de destrezas y habilidades fisioterapéuticas

INTRODUCTION: Formative practices are pedagogical strategies where students enter professional practice and develop skills and abilities in physiotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To analyse the cultural meanings of the concept of formative practice in physical therapy students in the city of Cali, Colombia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Qualitative study with descriptive design, cross-sectional and exploratory. The data were collected using the free association word list method from 135 participants. The analysis was conducted through the cultural domain model. RESULTS: The concept of formative practice in physiotherapy was structured through the central lexemes definition, positive feelings, negative feelings. The most relevant elements of the list were happiness and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: The most notable social representations in students are associated with aspects related to the self, and those of less interest correspond to the acquisition of physiotherapy skills and abilities

The First 60 Days: Physical Therapy in a Neurosurgical Center Converted Into a COVID-19 Center in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this case report was to describe the role of physical therapists in a neurosurgical center that was converted into a COVID-19 center for critically ill patients. METHODS (CASE DESCRIPTION): On March 16, 2020, the state government of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, determined that a neurosurgical center with 44 ICU beds equipped with mechanical ventilators should immediately transfer all patients with neurological conditions to other institutions and prepare for patients who were critically ill with COVID-19. The staff, including physical therapists, were trained to handle patients with COVID-19, many of whom were developing acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with complex and multifactorial ventilatory support needs. Adjustments were made to the physical therapy routine and protocols. Following the stabilization of patients' respiratory condition, physical therapist interventions focused on restoring physical function. RESULTS: A total of 116 confirmed COVID-19 cases were treated from March 17 to May 17, 2020. Sixty percent were men (70) and 40% were women (46), with a median age of 59 years. Eighty-nine percent (103) underwent mechanical ventilation during hospitalization, of which 11% (11) were successfully extubated. Thirty percent (31) of patients underwent tracheostomy, and 26% of those (8) were successfully decannulated. Of the total patients, 57 patients died (mortality rate of 49%), 4 (3%) were transferred to another institution, 23 (20%) were discharged home, and 32 (28%) continued to be hospitalized. CONCLUSION: Physical therapists in the ICU can facilitate care for critical events such as intubation, patient positioning, ventilatory adjustments, extubation, and functional training. IMPACT: The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the importance of physical therapists, specifically in the care of patients who are critically ill with COVID-19. The availability and expertise of physical therapists in the ICU are important for managing critical events such as intubation, patient positioning, ventilatory adjustments, extubation, and functional training.

Recommendations for Hospital-Based Physical Therapists Managing Patients With COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: The COVID-19 pandemic is rapidly evolving and has led to increased numbers of hospitalizations worldwide. Hospitalized patients with COVID-19 experience a variety of symptoms, including fever, muscle pain, tiredness, cough, and difficulty breathing. Elderly people and those with underlying health conditions are considered to be more at risk of developing severe symptoms and have a higher risk of physical deconditioning during their hospital stay. Physical therapists have an important role in supporting hospitalized patients with COVID-19 but also need to be aware of challenges when treating these patients. In line with international initiatives, this article aims to provide guidance and detailed recommendations for hospital-based physical therapists managing patients hospitalized with COVID-19 through a national approach in the Netherlands. METHODS: A pragmatic approach was used. A working group conducted a purposive scan of the literature and drafted initial recommendations based on the knowledge of symptoms in patients with COVID-19 and current practice for physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with lung disease and patients admitted to the intensive care unit. An expert group of hospital-based physical therapists in the Netherlands provided feedback on the recommendations, which were finalized when consensus was reached among the members of the working group. RESULTS: The recommendations include safety recommendations, treatment recommendations, discharge recommendations, and staffing recommendations. Treatment recommendations address 2 phases of hospitalization: when patients are critically ill and admitted to the intensive care unit, and when patients are severely ill and admitted to the COVID ward. Physical therapist management for patients hospitalized with COVID-19 comprises elements of respiratory support and active mobilization. Respiratory support includes breathing control, thoracic expansion exercises, airway clearance techniques, and respiratory muscle strength training. Recommendations toward active mobilization include bed mobility activities, active range-of-motion exercises, active (assisted) limb exercises, activities-of-daily-living training, transfer training, cycle ergometer, pre-gait exercises, and ambulation.

Perspectives of older adults regarding barriers and enablers to engaging in fall prevention activities after hospital discharge.

Older adults recently discharged from hospital are at high risk of functional decline and falls. A tailored fall prevention education provided at hospital discharge aimed to improve the capacity of older adults to engage in falls prevention activities. What remains unknown are the factors affecting behaviour change after hospital discharge. This study identified the perceived barriers and enablers of older adults to engagement in fall prevention activities during the 6-month period post-discharge. An exploratory approach using interpretative phenomenological analysis focused on the lived experience of a purposive sample (n = 30) of participants. All were recruited as a part of an RCT (n = 390) that delivered a tailored fall prevention education program at three hospital rehabilitation wards in Perth, Australia. Data were collected at 6-month post-discharge using semi-structured telephone surveys. Personal stories confirmed that some older adults have difficulty recovering functional ability after hospital discharge. Reduced physical capability, such as experiences of fatigue, chronic pain and feeling unsteady when walking were barriers for participants to safely return to their normal daily activities. Participants who received the tailored fall education program reported positive effects on knowledge and motivation to engage in fall prevention. Participants who had opportunities to access therapy or social supports described more positive experiences of recovery compared to individuals who persevered without assistance. A lack of physical and social support was associated with apprehension and fear toward adverse events such as falls, injuries, and hospital readmission. The lived experience of participants following hospital discharge strongly suggested that they required more supports from both healthcare professionals and caregivers to ensure that their needs were met. Further research that evaluates how to assist this population to engage in programs that will mitigate the high risk of falls and hospital readmissions is required.

Fisioterapia y Atención Primaria en Salud en servicios de baja complejidad de salud en Colombia / Physiotherapy and Primary Health Care in low complexity health services in Colombia

Objetivo: Describir las acciones de Fisioterapia en Atención Primaria en Salud (APS) en dos instituciones de bajo nivel de complejidad en la ciudad de Popayán, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transversal, no probabilístico, en dos instituciones de baja complejidad de atención en salud en la ciudad de Popayán. Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios tipo encuesta: el primero con pacientes atendidos por fisioterapia (n = 139), el segundo con el equipo de salud de las instituciones (n = 20), para determinar la participación de fisioterapia en APS en el primer semestre del año 2017. Resultados: El 63,3% de la población atendida son mujeres y el 36,7% son hombres; presentan hipertensión arterial (22,3%); consultan por enfermedades osteomusculares (44,6%); acceden al servicio de fisioterapia por iniciativa propia o por recomendación de otra persona (73,1%); prefieren consultar al médico general antes que ir al fisioterapeuta (75%). Del equipo de salud, el 100% de los fisioterapeutas manifiestan tener capacidad y conocimiento para atender patologías de baja complejidad, sin tener remisión médica. El 95% de los profesionales consideran esencial la realización de APS por parte de los fisioterapeutas; el 100% de ellos consideran necesaria la participación de fisioterapia en acciones de promoción de la salud, y el 95%, en las acciones de prevención de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: Se demuestra que los fisioterapeutas pueden participar en la estrategia APS en instituciones de bajo nivel de complejidad realizando un trabajo diagnóstico, asistencial y de promoción de la salud distinto e independiente del trabajo clínico que realizan en los servicios de rehabilitación

Objective: To describe the actions of Physiotherapy in Primary Health Care (PHC), in two institutions of low level of complexity in the city of Popayán, Colombia. Materials and methods: A descriptive, observational, non-probabilistic, cross-sectional study conducted in two institutions of low complexity of health care, located in the city of Popayán. Two survey-type questionnaires were used: the first one was for patients attended by physiotherapy (n = 139); the second, for the health team of the institutions (n = 20), to determine the participation of physiotherapy in PHC, in the first semester of 2017. Results: The majority of patients seen were women (63.3%). They had arterial hypertension (22.3%), and consulted for skeletomuscular diseases (44.6%). A large majority (73.1%) had access to the physiotherapy service on their own initiative or by recommendation of another person, although 75% preferred to consult the general practitioner before going to the physiotherapist. From the health team, 100% of the physiotherapists state that they have the capacity and knowledge to treat pathologies of low complexity in health, without having to make a medical referral. Most (95%) of the professionals considered it essential for PHC to use physiotherapy, and all (100%) of them considered it necessary to participate in physiotherapy in health promotion actions, and 95% in actions to prevent disease. Conclusions: It is shown that physiotherapists can participate in the PHC strategy in institutions of low complexity level, performing a diagnostic, health care and promotion work that is distinct and independent of the clinical work performed in the rehabilitation services

Improving Outcomes for Critically Ill Cardiovascular Patients Through Increased Physical Therapy Staffing.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of increasing physical therapy (PT) staff in a cardiovascular intensive care unit (CVICU) on temporal measures of PT interventions and on outcomes important to patients and hospitals. DESIGN: Retrospective pre/post subgroup analysis from a quality improvement initiative. SETTING: Academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Cardiovascular patients in either a baseline (N=52) or quality improvement period (N=62) with a CVICU length of stay (LOS) ≥7 days and use of any one of the following: mechanical ventilation, continuous renal replacement therapy, or mechanical circulatory support. INTERVENTIONS: The 6-month quality improvement initiative increased CVICU-dedicated PT staff from 2 to 4. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in physical therapy delivery were examined using the frequency and daily duration of PT intervention. Post-CVICU LOS was the primary outcome. CVICU LOS, mobility change, and discharge level of care were secondary outcomes. A secondary analysis of hospital survivors was also conducted. RESULTS: Compared to those in the baseline period, cardiovascular patients in the quality improvement period participated in PT for an additional 9.6 minutes (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.9, 17.2) per day for all patients and 15.1 minutes (95% CI: 7.6, 22.6) for survivors. Post-CVICU LOS decreased 2.2 (95% CI: -6.0, 1.0) days for all patients and 2.6 days (95% CI: -5.3, 0.0) for survivors. CVICU LOS decreased 3.6 days (95% CI: -6.4, -0.8) for all patients and 3.1 days (95% CI: -6.4, -0.9) for survivors. Differences in mobility change and discharge level of care were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Additional CVICU-dedicated PT staff was associated with increased PT treatment and reductions in CVICU and post-CVICU LOS. The effects of each were greatest for hospital survivors.

Caracterização das intervenções de Fisioterapia em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulto: uma proposta de classificação / Characterization of physiotherapy interventions in an adult intensive care unit: a classification proposal

O planejamento de recursos humanos se constitui em uma função estratégica e um processo contínuo e interativo no contexto do gerenciamento das instituições de saúde. Na área da Fisioterapia, estudos orientadores para composição do quadro de trabalhadores são escassos e as publicações dos dispositivos legais evidenciam que os mesmos estão apoiados no julgamento de profissionais, com base em suas experiências e intuições. Para um dimensionamento adequado de fisioterapeutas, particularmente no âmbito da terapia intensiva, faz-se necessária uma revisão de processo de trabalho, para a identificação das atividades específicas desses profissionais. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo identificar as intervenções/atividades do fisioterapeuta em unidades de tratamento intensivo, como variável do dimensionamento de trabalhadores de Fisioterapia. O método utilizado foi descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem quantitativa. As atividades de Fisioterapia foram levantadas por meio de revisão bibliográfica realizada sem limite para ano de publicação. O resultado identificou 69 atividades consideradas específicas do fisioterapeuta, que foram classificadas por meio da técnica de mapeamento cruzado, em linguagem padronizada proposta pela Classificação das Intervenções de Enfermagem - Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). As atividades foram mapeadas e resultaram em 4 domínios, 13 classes, 52 intervenções e 458 atividades segundo a NIC, concentradas nos Domínios Fisiológico Básico (46,1%), Fisiológico Complexo (44,2%), Segurança (5,8%) e Sistema de Saúde (3,9%). As atividades que englobaram o domínio Fisiológico Básico, compuseram quatro classes, com destaque para Classe A (controle de atividade e do exercício) que compreendeu 9 intervenções, seguida da Classe E (promoção do conforto físico) com 8 intervenções. As atividades encontradas no Domínio Fisiológico Complexo foram identificadas em cinco classes, com predomínio da classe K, que abrange o controle respiratório e contemplou 13 intervenções (56,5%) e a classe G, controle eletrolítico e acidobásico, com 6 intervenções (26,1%). Do total das atividades elencadas, 47,8%, estão contidas em apenas duas classes, sendo elas A e K, representando as duas grandes áreas de atuação desses profissionais, a Fisioterapia motora e a Fisioterapia respiratória respectivamente. O conjunto de intervenções/atividades identificados permitiu a construção de um instrumento contendo 51 intervenções e 172 atividades identificadas como aquelas com maior representatividade do cotidiano do trabalho do fisioterapeuta no ambiente da UTI. Tal ferramenta representa uma possibilidade concreta de se estudar com profundidade o processo de trabalho do fisioterapeuta nas unidades críticas, com objetivo de resguardar sua prática profissional e direcionando para uma perspectiva de estudos futuros sobre dimensionamento de quadro dessa categoria profissional

Human resource planning is a strategic function and a continuous and interactive process in the context of the management of health institutions. In the area of Physiotherapy, guidelines for the composition of the workers staff are scarce, and the publications of legal devices show that they are based on the judgment of professionals, based on their experiences and intuitions. For an adequate design of physiotherapists, particularly in the context of intensive care, it is necessary to review the work process to identify the specific activities of these professionals. The aim of this research was to identify the interventions/activities of the physiotherapist in intensive care units as a variable for the design of physiotherapy workers. The method used was descriptive, exploratory, with a quantitative approach. The physiotherapy activities were performed through a bibliographic review carried out without limit for the year of publication. The result identified 69 activities considered specific to the physiotherapist, which were classified using the cross-mapping technique, in a standardized language proposed by the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC). The activities were mapped and resulted in 4 domains, 13 classes, 52 interventions and 458 activities, according to NIC, concentrated in the areas Basic Physiological (46.1%), Complex Physiological (44.2%), Safety (5.8%) and Health System (3.9%). The activities encompassing Basic Physiological domains comprised four classes, with emphasis on class A (activity and exercise control), which comprised 9 interventions, followed by class E (promotion of physical comfort), with 8 interventions. The activities found in the Complex Physiological domain were identified in five classes, with predominance of class K, which encompasses respiratory control and contemplated 13 interventions (56.5%), and class G, regarding electrolytic and acid-base control, with 6 interventions (26.1%). Of the total activities listed, 47.8% are contained in only two classes, A and K, representing the two major areas of activity of these professionals: motor physiotherapy and respiratory physiotherapy, respectively. The set of interventions/activities identified allowed the construction of an instrument containing 51 interventions and 172 activities identified as those with greater representation of the daily work of the physiotherapist in the ICU environment. Such tool represents a concrete possibility to study in depth the work process of the physical therapist in the critical units, with the purpose of safeguarding their professional practice and directing to a perspective of future studies on the dimensioning of the professional category

La gestión de los servicios de fisioterapia de Atención Primaria: un techo de cristal para los fisioterapeutas / The management of Primary Care physiotherapy services: A glass ceiling for physiotherapists

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Trainees With Displaced Hip Fractures Present to Physical Therapy With Primary Complaint of Knee Pain.

Stress fractures of the femoral neck are career-threatening and life-altering injuries that occur frequently in Initial Entry Training (IET) Soldiers. Because of the severity of these injuries, military clinics that serve IET Soldiers have implemented guidelines to direct providers in the management of Soldiers with signs of symptoms of stress fracture. These guidelines focus on Soldiers presenting with a primary complaint of hip pain. The cases described here show two Soldiers who had displaced hip fractures despite having primary complaints of knee pain and no self-reported hip pain. In the first case, the patient was ambulatory with a slight limp and lateral knee pain that he rated as 3 out of 10. His physical therapist noted a significant gross leg length discrepancy on physical examination. Leg length X-rays identified a displaced fracture of the femoral neck. In the second case, the Soldier had severe (7/10) lateral knee pain with no complaints of hip pain. He presented to the Emergency Department where he received knee X-rays, which were normal. The next day in physical therapy, he continued to complain of severe knee pain. A femur X-ray demonstrated that he had a displaced hip fracture. Throughout their examination and diagnostic workup, neither of these patients ever experienced any hip pain. The implication of these cases is that clinicians must remain vigilant in examining the joints above and below the primary complaint. This may be more important when evaluating trainees who have a uniquely high risk of severe bone stress injury. Clinicians who work primarily with trainees should consider updating clinical management guidelines to include basic hip screening on patients who present with primary complaints of knee pain. Because of cases like these and the known connection between knee pain and hip pathology, we recommend that clinicians in IET clinics consider screening procedures to rule out hip pathology in trainees with primary complaints of knee pain.

Increasing Therapist Productivity: Using Lean Principles in the Rehabilitation Department of an Academic Medical Center.

The Department of Rehabilitation Services, within the University of Maryland Medical Center's 650-bed academic medical center, was experiencing difficulty in meeting productivity standards. Therapists in the outpatient division believed they were not spending enough time performing billable patient care activities. Therapists in the inpatient division had difficulty keeping pace with the volume of incoming referrals. Collectively, these issues caused dissatisfaction among referral sources and frustration among the staff within the rehabilitation department. The department undertook a phased approach to address these issues that included examining the evidence, using Lean process improvement principles, and employing transformational leadership strategies to drive improvements in productivity and efficiency. The lessons learned support the importance of having meaningful metrics appropriate for the patient population served, the use of Lean as an effective tool for improving productivity in rehabilitation departments, the impact of engaging staff at the grassroots level, and the importance of having commitment from leaders. The study findings have implications for not only rehabilitation and hospital leadership, but CEOs and managers of any business who need to eliminate waste or increase staff productivity.

Hospital-Based Outpatient Direct Access to Physical Therapist Services: Current Status in Wisconsin.

BACKGROUND: Direct access to physical therapist services is available in all 50 states, with reported benefits including reduced health care costs, enhanced patient satisfaction, and no apparent compromised patient safety. Despite the benefits and legality of direct access, few data exist regarding the degree of model adoption, implementation, and utilization. OBJECTIVES: The purposes of the study were: (1) to investigate the extent of implementation and utilization of direct access to outpatient physical therapist services in Wisconsin hospitals and medical centers, (2) to identify barriers to and facilitators for the provisioning of such services, and (3) to identify potential differences between facilities that do and do not provide direct access services. DESIGN: A descriptive survey was conducted. METHODS: Eighty-nine survey questionnaires were distributed via email to the directors of rehabilitation services at Wisconsin hospitals and medical centers. The survey investigated facility adoption of the direct access model, challenges to and resources utilized during model implementation, and current barriers affecting model utilization. RESULTS: Forty-seven (52.8%) of the 89 survey questionnaires were completed and returned. Forty-two percent of the survey respondents (20 of 47) reported that their facility offered direct access to physical therapist services, but fewer than 10% of patients were seen via direct access at 95% of the facilities offering such services. The most frequently reported obstacles to model implementation and utilization were lack of health care provider, administrator, and patient knowledge of direct access; its legality in Wisconsin; and physical therapists' differential diagnosis and medical screening abilities. LIMITATIONS: Potential respondent bias and limited generalizability of the results are limitations of the study. These findings apply to hospitals and medical centers located in Wisconsin, not to facilities located in other geographic regions. CONCLUSIONS: Respondents representing direct access organizations reported more timely access to physical therapist services, enhanced patient satisfaction, decreased organizational health care costs, and improved efficiency of resource utilization as benefits of model implementation. For organizations without direct access, not being an organizational priority, concerns from referral sources, and concerns that the physician-patient relationship would be negatively affected were noted as obstacles to model adoption.

Efectividad de programas educativo-terapéuticos en Fisioterapia / Effectiveness of educational and therapeutic programs in Physiotherapy

El fisioterapeuta aborda la atención terapéutica desde un punto de vista global, teniendo en cuenta todos sus aspectos. Uno de los objetivos principales del tratamiento en fisioterapia pretende disminuir el dolor; así el fisioterapeuta, desde una perspectiva eduativo-terapéutica, participa en actividades físicas para rehabilitar y mejorar la función de diversos sistemas a través de ejercicios específicos, que serán pautados acorde a las necesidades de cada usuario, organizando las sesiones formativas y terapéuticas en función de su evolución. El objetivo fundamental de esta revisión es dar a conocer el beneficio de los programas educativo-terapéuticos en fisioterapia como herramientas frente al dolor. En esta revisión se han incluido todos los artículos encontrados en las bases de PubMed, ENFISPO y PEDro que cumplieran los parámetros de búsqueda. Las consideraciones finales permiten mostrar que la educación para la salud que aporta el fisioterapeuta tiende a mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los usuarios (AU)

The physiotherapist addresses the therapeutic care from a global perspective by taking into account all its aspects. One of the main objectives of physical therapy is to reduce pain. Therefore the physiotherapist develops physical activities from an educational-therapeutic perspective in order to rehabilitate and to improve physical functions in various systems with specific exercises. These exercises will be prescribed according to each patient needs by organizing educational and therapeutic sessions based on their progress. The main objective of this review is to present the benefits of educational and therapeutic programs in physiotherapy as tools against pain. In this review we have included all the papers found in PubMed, ENFISPO and PEDro that meet the search parameters. The final considerations show that the health education given by the physiotherapist tends to improve the health and the patients quality of life (AU)

US hospital-based direct access with radiology referral: an administrative case report.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Legislative gains in the US allow physical therapists to function in expanded scopes of practice including direct access and referral to specialists. The combination of direct access with privileges to order imaging studies directly offers a desirable practice status for many physical therapists, especially in musculoskeletal focused settings. Although direct access is legal in all US jurisdictions, institutional-based physical therapy settings have not embraced these practices. Barriers cited to implementing direct access with advanced practice are concerns over medical and administrative opposition, institutional policies, provider qualifications and reimbursement. This administrative case report describes the process taken to allow therapists to see patients without a referral and to order diagnostic imaging studies at an academic medical center. Nine-month implementation results show 66 patients seen via direct access with 15% referred for imaging studies. Claims submitted to 20 different insurance providers were reimbursed at 100%. DISCUSSION: While institutional regulations and reimbursement are reported as barriers to direct access, this report highlights the process one academic medical center used to implement direct access and advanced practice radiology referral by updating policies and procedures, identifying advanced competencies and communicating with necessary stakeholder groups. Favorable reimbursement for services is documented.

[ANALYSIS OF A NEW ORGANIZATIONAL MODEL APPLIED TO THE PHYSIOTERAPY SERVICE C/O SURGERY DEPARTMENTS]. / Applicazione ed analisi di un nuovo modello organizzativo al servizio di fisioterapia di supporto dell'A.O. Istituto Ortopedico G. Pini.

The lowering number of physiotherapists c/o surgery departments of Orthopaedic Institute Gaetano Pini of Milan, required the application of a new organizational model based on the centralization of government activities, in order to optimize employment of staff. A programming and reporting tool was developed throught a database. The collected data (from January to December 2013) related to the reported physiotherapists activities were analysed and matched to operating theater's activities in order to find the correlation value. The results are lined up the hypothesis stated in the planning phase of the organizational model's project (in absence of hystorical referral). Correlation between Physiotherapists and Operation Theather's activities was good (r=0.59), giving us a reliable predictional model. This study has some limitations mostly related to the resistence expressed by employees in the change management.

Respuesta a "Intervención de las unidades de gestión clínica de medicina física y rehabilitación en la enfermedad cerebrovascular" / Reply to "Intervention of clinical management units of physical medicine and rehabilitation in cerebrovascular disease"

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Intervención de las unidades de gestión clínica de medicina física y rehabilitación en la enfermedad cerebrovascular / Intervention by physical medicine and rehabilitation management units in cases of cerebrovascular disease

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